Interpreting the Quran

          Although the revelation of the Quran is considered eternal, Muslims also speak about the "occasion of revelation" as a necessary component for interpreting the meaning of a given passage. In other words, many of the verses in the Quran speak directly to particular circumstances. A good illustration of an “occasion of revelation” is found at the beginning of surah 80, entitled “He frowned.” The first verses of the chapter read:

 

In the name of Allah, most benevolent, ever-merciful.

He frowned and turned away

Because a blind man came to him.

What make you think that he will not grow in virtue,

Or be admonished, and the admonition profit him?

As for the one who is not in want of any thing,

You pay full attention,

Though it is not your concern if he should not grow (in fullness)

As for him who comes to you striving (after goodness),

And is also fearful (of God),

You neglect.

Assuredly this is a reminder

For any one who desires to bear it in mind (Quran 80:1-12)

 

             According to Muslim commentators, the specific occasion for this revelation helps one to understand it in context as well as draw the larger principles being communicated. One day, during the early Meccan period, Muhammad was engaged in conversation with one of the prominent leaders of the Quraysh (the ruling tribe in Mecca). As Muhammad was speaking to persuade the man of the truth of Islam, a blind man came and asked him a question concerning the faith. The prophet was annoyed at the interruption. He frowned and turned away from the blind man. The revelation then comes that makes clear one should not judge the importance of another on the basis of the person’s appearance or status. Further, one should never turn away form another sincerely seeking to know about Islam. It is important to understand this approach to interpretation of the Quran because it helps prevent people form reading verses out of context to fortify an already established position. By establishing deeper principles, Muslims could be more flexible in applying the principles in very different times and circumstances.